core/host: shared host fingerprint refactor

Adds core/host.{h,c} — a single struct skeletonkey_host populated once
at startup and handed to every module callback via ctx->host. Replaces
the per-detect uname / /etc/os-release / sysctl / userns-fork-probe
calls scattered across the corpus with O(1) cached lookups, and gives
the dispatcher one consistent view of the host.

What's in the fingerprint:

- Identity: kernel_version (parsed from uname.release), arch (machine),
  nodename, distro_id / distro_version_id / distro_pretty (parsed once
  from /etc/os-release).
- Process state: euid, real_uid (defeats userns illusion via
  /proc/self/uid_map), egid, username, is_root, is_ssh_session.
- Platform family: is_linux, is_debian_family, is_rpm_family,
  is_arch_family, is_suse_family (file-existence checks once).
- Capability gates (Linux): unprivileged_userns_allowed (live
  fork+unshare probe), apparmor_restrict_userns,
  unprivileged_bpf_disabled, kpti_enabled, kernel_lockdown_active,
  selinux_enforcing, yama_ptrace_restricted.
- System services: has_systemd, has_dbus_system.

Wiring:

- core/module.h forward-declares struct skeletonkey_host and adds the
  pointer to skeletonkey_ctx. Modules opt-in by including
  ../../core/host.h.
- core/host.c is fully POD (no heap pointers) — uses a single file-
  static instance, returns a stable pointer on every call. Lazily
  populated on first skeletonkey_host_get().
- skeletonkey.c calls skeletonkey_host_get() at main() entry, stores
  in ctx.host before any register_*() runs.
- cmd_auto's bespoke distro-fingerprint code (was an inline
  read_os_release helper) is replaced with skeletonkey_host_print_banner(),
  which emits a two-line banner of identity + capability gates.

Migrations:

- dirtydecrypt: kernel_version_current() -> ctx->host->kernel.
- fragnesia: removed local fg_userns_allowed() fork-probe in favour of
  ctx->host->unprivileged_userns_allowed (no per-scan fork). Also
  pulls kernel from ctx->host. The PRECOND_FAIL message now notes
  whether AppArmor restriction is on.
- pack2theroot: access('/etc/debian_version') -> ctx->host->is_debian_family;
  also short-circuits when ctx->host->has_dbus_system is false (saves
  the GLib g_bus_get_sync attempt on systems without system D-Bus).
- overlayfs: replaced the inline is_ubuntu() /etc/os-release parser
  with ctx->host->distro_id comparison. Local helper preserved for
  symmetry / standalone builds.

Documentation: docs/ARCHITECTURE.md gains a 'Host fingerprint'
section describing the struct, the opt-in include pattern, and
example detect() usage. ROADMAP --auto accuracy log notes the
landing and flags remaining modules as an incremental follow-up.

Build verification:

- macOS (local): make clean && make -> Mach-O x86_64, 31 modules,
  banner prints with distro=?/? (no /etc/os-release).
- Linux (docker gcc:latest + libglib2.0-dev): make clean && make ->
  ELF 64-bit, 31 modules. Banner prints with kernel + distro=debian/13
  + 7 capability gates. dirtydecrypt correctly says 'predates the
  rxgk code added in 7.0'; fragnesia PRECOND_FAILs with
  '(host fingerprint)' annotation; pack2theroot PRECOND_FAILs on
  no-DBus; overlayfs reports 'not Ubuntu (distro=debian)'.
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-22 23:18:00 -04:00
parent 3e6e0d869b
commit 4f30d00a1c
11 changed files with 498 additions and 74 deletions
+265
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@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
/*
* SKELETONKEY — host fingerprint implementation
*
* Lives behind a one-shot lazy-init: skeletonkey_host_get() probes on
* first call, stores into a file-static, and returns the same pointer
* forever after. Single-threaded (skeletonkey is single-threaded), so
* no synchronisation needed.
*/
#include "host.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#ifdef __linux__
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif
static struct skeletonkey_host g_host;
static bool g_host_ready = false;
/* ── small parser helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
/* Copy the value of a `KEY=VAL` line (stripping leading quotes and
* trailing quote / newline) into `dst`. Caller passes the start of the
* value (after `=`). Cap is the size of dst including NUL. */
static void parse_os_release_value(const char *s, char *dst, size_t cap)
{
const char *p = s;
if (*p == '"' || *p == '\'') p++;
size_t L = strcspn(p, "\"'\n");
if (L >= cap) L = cap - 1;
memcpy(dst, p, L);
dst[L] = '\0';
}
static bool path_exists(const char *p)
{
struct stat st;
return stat(p, &st) == 0;
}
#ifdef __linux__
/* Sysctl/sys-fs readers — Linux-only consumers (populate_caps). */
static bool read_int_file(const char *path, int *out)
{
FILE *f = fopen(path, "r");
if (!f) return false;
int v;
int n = fscanf(f, "%d", &v);
fclose(f);
if (n != 1) return false;
*out = v;
return true;
}
static bool read_first_line(const char *path, char *dst, size_t cap)
{
FILE *f = fopen(path, "r");
if (!f) return false;
if (!fgets(dst, (int)cap, f)) { fclose(f); return false; }
fclose(f);
size_t n = strlen(dst);
while (n > 0 && (dst[n-1] == '\n' || dst[n-1] == '\r')) dst[--n] = '\0';
return true;
}
#endif
/* ── populators ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
static void populate_kernel(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
struct utsname u;
if (uname(&u) == 0) {
/* utsname.machine/nodename can be up to 65 bytes on glibc; the
* %.*s precision spec tells gcc the snprintf is bounded so it
* does not warn about possible truncation (we WANT truncation;
* the snprintf already caps). */
snprintf(h->arch, sizeof h->arch,
"%.*s", (int)sizeof(h->arch) - 1, u.machine);
snprintf(h->nodename, sizeof h->nodename,
"%.*s", (int)sizeof(h->nodename) - 1, u.nodename);
}
/* kernel_version_current owns the static release-string buffer
* and the parser — reuse it to keep one source of truth. */
kernel_version_current(&h->kernel);
}
static void populate_distro(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
snprintf(h->distro_id, sizeof h->distro_id, "?");
snprintf(h->distro_version_id, sizeof h->distro_version_id, "?");
snprintf(h->distro_pretty, sizeof h->distro_pretty, "?");
FILE *f = fopen("/etc/os-release", "r");
if (!f) return;
char line[256];
while (fgets(line, sizeof line, f)) {
if (strncmp(line, "ID=", 3) == 0)
parse_os_release_value(line + 3,
h->distro_id, sizeof h->distro_id);
else if (strncmp(line, "VERSION_ID=", 11) == 0)
parse_os_release_value(line + 11,
h->distro_version_id, sizeof h->distro_version_id);
else if (strncmp(line, "PRETTY_NAME=", 12) == 0)
parse_os_release_value(line + 12,
h->distro_pretty, sizeof h->distro_pretty);
}
fclose(f);
}
static void populate_user(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
h->euid = geteuid();
h->egid = getegid();
h->is_root = (h->euid == 0);
h->is_ssh_session = (getenv("SSH_CONNECTION") != NULL);
h->username[0] = '\0';
struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(h->euid);
if (pw && pw->pw_name)
snprintf(h->username, sizeof h->username, "%s", pw->pw_name);
/* Default: real_uid == euid (no userns). Try /proc/self/uid_map to
* discover the outer uid if we're inside a user namespace. Format
*
* "0 0 4294967295" → init ns, outer == 0
* "0 1000 1" → userns mapped, outer == 1000
*
* Only trust outer != 0 and != -1 as the bypass-userns case. */
h->real_uid = h->euid;
int fd = open("/proc/self/uid_map", O_RDONLY);
if (fd >= 0) {
char buf[256];
ssize_t n = read(fd, buf, sizeof buf - 1);
close(fd);
if (n > 0) {
buf[n] = '\0';
int inner = -1, outer = -1, count = 0;
if (sscanf(buf, "%d %d %d", &inner, &outer, &count) == 3 &&
inner == 0 && outer > 0)
h->real_uid = (uid_t)outer;
}
}
}
static void populate_platform_family(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
#ifdef __linux__
h->is_linux = true;
#else
h->is_linux = false;
#endif
h->is_debian_family = path_exists("/etc/debian_version");
h->is_rpm_family = path_exists("/etc/redhat-release") ||
path_exists("/etc/fedora-release") ||
path_exists("/etc/rocky-release") ||
path_exists("/etc/almalinux-release");
h->is_arch_family = path_exists("/etc/arch-release");
h->is_suse_family = path_exists("/etc/SuSE-release") ||
path_exists("/etc/SUSE-brand");
}
#ifdef __linux__
/* fork+unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) probe. Forks once; ~1ms cost. */
static bool userns_probe(void)
{
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) return false;
if (pid == 0) {
_exit(unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) == 0 ? 0 : 1);
}
int st;
if (waitpid(pid, &st, 0) < 0) return false;
return WIFEXITED(st) && WEXITSTATUS(st) == 0;
}
#endif
static void populate_caps(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
h->unprivileged_userns_allowed = false;
h->apparmor_restrict_userns = false;
h->unprivileged_bpf_disabled = false;
h->kpti_enabled = false;
h->kernel_lockdown_active = false;
h->selinux_enforcing = false;
h->yama_ptrace_restricted = false;
#ifdef __linux__
h->unprivileged_userns_allowed = userns_probe();
int v = 0;
if (read_int_file("/proc/sys/kernel/apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns", &v))
h->apparmor_restrict_userns = (v != 0);
if (read_int_file("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled", &v))
h->unprivileged_bpf_disabled = (v != 0);
if (read_int_file("/sys/fs/selinux/enforce", &v))
h->selinux_enforcing = (v != 0);
if (read_int_file("/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope", &v))
h->yama_ptrace_restricted = (v > 0);
char buf[256];
if (read_first_line("/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/meltdown", buf, sizeof buf))
h->kpti_enabled = (strstr(buf, "Mitigation: PTI") != NULL);
/* /sys/kernel/security/lockdown format: "[none] integrity confidentiality"
* — whichever level is bracketed is the active one. */
if (read_first_line("/sys/kernel/security/lockdown", buf, sizeof buf))
h->kernel_lockdown_active = (strstr(buf, "[none]") == NULL);
#endif
}
static void populate_services(struct skeletonkey_host *h)
{
h->has_systemd = path_exists("/run/systemd/system");
h->has_dbus_system = path_exists("/run/dbus/system_bus_socket");
}
/* ── public entrypoints ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
const struct skeletonkey_host *skeletonkey_host_get(void)
{
if (g_host_ready) return &g_host;
memset(&g_host, 0, sizeof g_host);
populate_kernel(&g_host);
populate_distro(&g_host);
populate_user(&g_host);
populate_platform_family(&g_host);
populate_caps(&g_host);
populate_services(&g_host);
g_host.probe_source = "skeletonkey core/host.c";
g_host_ready = true;
return &g_host;
}
void skeletonkey_host_print_banner(const struct skeletonkey_host *h, bool json)
{
if (json || h == NULL) return;
fprintf(stderr, "[*] host: %s%s%s kernel=%s arch=%s distro=%s/%s\n",
h->nodename[0] ? h->nodename : "?",
h->is_root ? " (ROOT)" : "",
h->is_ssh_session ? " (SSH)" : "",
h->kernel.release ? h->kernel.release : "?",
h->arch[0] ? h->arch : "?",
h->distro_id[0] ? h->distro_id : "?",
h->distro_version_id[0] ? h->distro_version_id : "?");
fprintf(stderr, "[*] gates: userns=%s aa_restrict=%s bpf_disabled=%s "
"kpti=%s lockdown=%s selinux=%s yama_ptrace=%s\n",
h->unprivileged_userns_allowed ? "yes" : "no",
h->apparmor_restrict_userns ? "on" : "off",
h->unprivileged_bpf_disabled ? "yes" : "no",
h->kpti_enabled ? "on" : "off",
h->kernel_lockdown_active ? "on" : "off",
h->selinux_enforcing ? "on" : "off",
h->yama_ptrace_restricted ? "yes" : "no");
}
+91
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@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
/*
* SKELETONKEY — host fingerprint
*
* Populated once at startup, before any module's detect() runs. Every
* module receives a stable pointer via skeletonkey_ctx.host and can
* consult it without re-parsing /proc, /etc/os-release, uname(2), or
* forking another userns probe.
*
* The struct is deliberately POD (no heap pointers, fixed-size
* arrays) so lifetime reasoning is trivial. A single static instance
* lives in core/host.c; skeletonkey_host_get() returns the same
* pointer on every call. The first call probes; subsequent calls
* are O(1) lookups.
*
* Fields that don't apply on a given platform (e.g. AppArmor sysctls
* on a non-Linux dev build, KPTI on aarch64) stay at their false /
* "?" defaults. Probing is best-effort: a missing sysctl never fails
* the call, just leaves the corresponding bool false.
*/
#ifndef SKELETONKEY_HOST_H
#define SKELETONKEY_HOST_H
#include "kernel_range.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
struct skeletonkey_host {
/* ── identity ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
struct kernel_version kernel; /* uname.release parsed */
char arch[32]; /* uname.machine ("x86_64", "aarch64") */
char nodename[64]; /* uname.nodename (for log lines) */
char distro_id[64]; /* /etc/os-release ID ("ubuntu", "debian", "fedora", "?") */
char distro_version_id[64]; /* /etc/os-release VERSION_ID ("24.04", "13", "?") */
char distro_pretty[128]; /* /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME for log lines */
/* ── process state ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
uid_t euid; /* geteuid() */
uid_t real_uid; /* outer uid (defeats userns illusion via /proc/self/uid_map) */
gid_t egid; /* getegid() */
char username[64]; /* getpwuid(euid)->pw_name or "" */
bool is_root; /* euid == 0 */
bool is_ssh_session; /* SSH_CONNECTION env var set */
/* ── platform family ───────────────────────────────────────── */
bool is_linux; /* compiled / running on Linux */
bool is_debian_family; /* /etc/debian_version exists */
bool is_rpm_family; /* redhat / fedora / rocky / almalinux release file */
bool is_arch_family; /* /etc/arch-release */
bool is_suse_family; /* /etc/SuSE-release or /etc/SUSE-brand */
/* ── capability / gate flags (Linux) ──────────────────────── */
bool unprivileged_userns_allowed; /* fork+unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) succeeded */
bool apparmor_restrict_userns; /* sysctl: 1 = AA blocks unpriv userns */
bool unprivileged_bpf_disabled; /* /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled = 1 */
bool kpti_enabled; /* /sys/.../meltdown contains "Mitigation: PTI" */
bool kernel_lockdown_active; /* /sys/kernel/security/lockdown != [none] */
bool selinux_enforcing; /* /sys/fs/selinux/enforce = 1 */
bool yama_ptrace_restricted; /* /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope > 0 */
/* ── system services ──────────────────────────────────────── */
bool has_systemd; /* /run/systemd/system exists */
bool has_dbus_system; /* /run/dbus/system_bus_socket exists */
/* Informational: the SKELETONKEY component that populated this
* snapshot (for log/JSON output). */
const char *probe_source;
};
/* Get the host fingerprint. Returns a stable, non-null pointer that
* lives for the process lifetime. Probes happen lazily on the first
* call (~50ms; dominated by the userns fork-probe), are cached, and
* subsequent calls are free.
*
* Probing is best-effort: missing files / unsupported sysctls leave
* the corresponding bool false. The function does not fail. */
const struct skeletonkey_host *skeletonkey_host_get(void);
/* Print a two-line "host fingerprint" banner to stderr suitable for
* --auto / --scan verbose output. Silent on JSON mode. */
void skeletonkey_host_print_banner(const struct skeletonkey_host *h, bool json);
#endif /* SKELETONKEY_HOST_H */
+12 -3
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@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ typedef enum {
SKELETONKEY_EXPLOIT_OK = 5,
} skeletonkey_result_t;
/* Per-invocation context passed to module callbacks. Lightweight for
* now; will grow as modules need shared state (host fingerprint,
* leaked kbase, etc.). */
/* Per-invocation context passed to module callbacks. The host
* fingerprint (kernel / distro / capability gates / service presence)
* is populated once at startup by core/host.c and handed to every
* module callback here — see core/host.h. */
struct skeletonkey_host; /* forward decl; full def in core/host.h */
struct skeletonkey_ctx {
bool no_color; /* --no-color */
bool json; /* --json (machine-readable output) */
@@ -51,6 +54,12 @@ struct skeletonkey_ctx {
bool authorized; /* user typed --i-know on exploit */
bool full_chain; /* --full-chain (attempt root-pop after primitive) */
bool dry_run; /* --dry-run (preview only; never call exploit/mitigate/cleanup) */
/* Host fingerprint — see core/host.h. Stable pointer, populated
* once by main() before any module callback runs. Modules that
* want to consult it #include "../../core/host.h". May be NULL
* only in degenerate test contexts; main() always sets it. */
const struct skeletonkey_host *host;
};
struct skeletonkey_module {