detection rules: complete sigma/yara/falco coverage across the corpus

Three parallel research agents drafted 49 detection rules grounded in
each module's source + existing .opsec_notes string + existing .detect_auditd
counterpart. A one-shot tools/inject_rules.py wrote them into the
right files and replaced the .detect_<format> = NULL placeholders.

Coverage matrix (modules with each format / 31 total):
                  before        after
  auditd          30 / 31       30 / 31   (entrybleed skipped by design)
  sigma           19 / 31       31 / 31   (+12 added)
  yara            11 / 31       28 / 31   (+17 added; 3 documented skips)
  falco           11 / 31       30 / 31   (+19 added; entrybleed skipped)

Documented skips (kept as .detect_<format> = NULL with comment):
  - entrybleed: yara + falco + auditd. Pure timing side-channel via
    rdtsc + prefetchnta; no syscalls, no file artifacts, no in-memory
    tags. The source comment already noted this; sigma got a 'unusual
    prefetchnta loop time' rule via perf-counter logic.
  - ptrace_traceme: yara. Pure in-memory race; no on-disk artifacts
    or persistent strings to match. Falco + sigma + auditd cover the
    PTRACE_TRACEME + setuid execve syscall sequence.
  - sudo_samedit: yara. Transient heap race during sudoedit invocation;
    no persistent file artifact. Falco + sigma + auditd cover the
    'sudoedit -s + trailing-backslash argv' pattern.

Rule discipline (post-agent QA):
  - All rules ground claims in actual exploit code paths (the agents
    were instructed to read source + opsec_notes; no fabricated syscalls
    or strings).
  - Two falco rules were narrowed by the agent to fire only when
    proc.pname is skeletonkey itself; rewrote both to fire on any
    non-root caller (otherwise we'd detect only our own binary, not
    real attackers).
  - Sigma rule fields use canonical {type: 'SYSCALL', syscall: 'X'}
    detection blocks consistent with existing rules (nf_tables,
    dirty_pipe, sudo_samedit).
  - YARA rules prefer rare/unique tags (SKELETONKEYU, SKELETONKEY_FWD,
    SKVMWGFX, /tmp/skeletonkey-*.log) over common bytes — minimizes
    false positives.
  - Every rule tagged with attack.privilege_escalation + cve.YYYY.NNNN;
    cgroup_release_agent additionally tagged T1611 (container escape).

skeletonkey.c: --module-info text view now dumps yara + falco rule
bodies too (was auditd + sigma only). All 4 formats visible per module.

Verification:
  - macOS local: clean build, 33 kernel_range tests pass.
  - Linux (docker gcc:latest): 33 + 54 = 87 passes, 0 fails.
  - --module-info nf_tables / af_unix_gc / etc.: 'detect rules:'
    summary correctly shows all 4 formats and the bodies print.
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-23 11:10:54 -04:00
parent ee3e7dd9a7
commit 8ab49f36f6
21 changed files with 837 additions and 49 deletions
@@ -669,6 +669,54 @@ static const char af_packet2_auditd[] =
"# non-root via userns is the canonical footprint.\n"
"-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S socket -F a0=17 -k skeletonkey-af-packet\n";
static const char af_packet2_sigma[] =
"title: Possible CVE-2020-14386 AF_PACKET VLAN underflow exploitation\n"
"id: b83c6fa2-skeletonkey-af-packet2\n"
"status: experimental\n"
"description: |\n"
" Detects the AF_PACKET TPACKET_V2 nested-VLAN frame pattern:\n"
" unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET) followed by socket(AF_PACKET),\n"
" PACKET_RX_RING setsockopt, and a sendmmsg burst (>=64) on a unix\n"
" socketpair spray. False positives: legitimate packet capture in\n"
" rootless containers.\n"
"logsource: {product: linux, service: auditd}\n"
"detection:\n"
" userns: {type: 'SYSCALL', syscall: 'unshare'}\n"
" afp: {type: 'SYSCALL', syscall: 'socket', a0: 17}\n"
" send_burst:{type: 'SYSCALL', syscall: 'sendmmsg'}\n"
" condition: userns and afp and send_burst\n"
"level: high\n"
"tags: [attack.privilege_escalation, attack.t1068, cve.2020.14386]\n";
static const char af_packet2_yara[] =
"rule af_packet2_cve_2020_14386 : cve_2020_14386 heap_spray\n"
"{\n"
" meta:\n"
" cve = \"CVE-2020-14386\"\n"
" description = \"AF_PACKET VLAN-underflow spray tag (skeletonkey-afp-fc-)\"\n"
" author = \"SKELETONKEY\"\n"
" strings:\n"
" $tag = \"skeletonkey-afp-fc-\" ascii\n"
" condition:\n"
" $tag\n"
"}\n";
static const char af_packet2_falco[] =
"- rule: AF_PACKET TPACKET_V2 nested-VLAN trigger by non-root\n"
" desc: |\n"
" A non-root process sets up TPACKET_V2 and sends a burst of\n"
" sendmmsg packets carrying nested VLAN tags (CVE-2020-14386\n"
" trigger). False positives: legitimate VLAN/network capture\n"
" tools in unprivileged containers.\n"
" condition: >\n"
" evt.type = sendmmsg and fd.type = socket and\n"
" fd.sockfamily = AF_PACKET and not user.uid = 0\n"
" output: >\n"
" sendmmsg burst on AF_PACKET socket by non-root\n"
" (user=%user.name pid=%proc.pid vlen=%evt.arg.vlen)\n"
" priority: HIGH\n"
" tags: [network, mitre_privilege_escalation, T1068, cve.2020.14386]\n";
const struct skeletonkey_module af_packet2_module = {
.name = "af_packet2",
.cve = "CVE-2020-14386",
@@ -680,9 +728,9 @@ const struct skeletonkey_module af_packet2_module = {
.mitigate = NULL,
.cleanup = NULL,
.detect_auditd = af_packet2_auditd,
.detect_sigma = NULL,
.detect_yara = NULL,
.detect_falco = NULL,
.detect_sigma = af_packet2_sigma,
.detect_yara = af_packet2_yara,
.detect_falco = af_packet2_falco,
.opsec_notes = "unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWNET) + TPACKET_V2 ring on AF_PACKET; crafts nested-VLAN ETH_P_8021AD frames with 0x88A8/0x8100 TPIDs to trigger tpacket_rcv underflow; fires 256 frames + 64 sendmmsg via AF_UNIX socketpair spray. Tag 'skeletonkey-afp-fc-' visible in KASAN splats. Audit-visible via socket(AF_PACKET) + sendmsg/sendto from userns. No persistent artifacts; kernel cleans up on child exit.",
};