release v0.9.0: 5 gap-fillers — every year 2016 → 2026 now covered

Five new modules close the 2018 gap entirely and thicken
2019 / 2020 / 2024. All five carry the full 4-format detection-rule
corpus + opsec_notes + arch_support + register helpers.

CVE-2018-14634 — mutagen_astronomy (Qualys, closes 2018)
  create_elf_tables() int wrap → SUID-execve stack corruption.
  CISA KEV-listed Jan 2026 despite the bug's age; legacy RHEL 7 /
  CentOS 7 / Debian 8 fleets still affected. 🟡 PRIMITIVE.
  arch_support: x86_64+unverified-arm64.

CVE-2019-14287 — sudo_runas_neg1 (Joe Vennix)
  sudo -u#-1 → uid_t underflow → root despite (ALL,!root) blacklist.
  Pure userspace logic bug; the famous Apple Information Security
  finding. detect() looks for a (ALL,!root) grant in sudo -ln output;
  PRECOND_FAIL when no such grant exists for the invoking user.
  arch_support: any (4 -> 5 userspace 'any' modules).

CVE-2020-29661 — tioscpgrp (Jann Horn / Project Zero)
  TTY TIOCSPGRP ioctl race on PTY pairs → struct pid UAF in
  kmalloc-256. Affects everything through Linux 5.9.13. 🟡 PRIMITIVE
  (race-driver + msg_msg groom). Public PoCs from grsecurity /
  spender + Maxime Peterlin.

CVE-2024-50264 — vsock_uaf (a13xp0p0v / Pwnie Award 2025 winner)
  AF_VSOCK connect-race UAF in kmalloc-96. Pwn2Own 2024 + Pwnie
  2025 winner. Reachable as plain unprivileged user (no userns
  required — unusual). Two public exploit paths: @v4bel+@qwerty
  kernelCTF (BPF JIT spray + SLUBStick) and Alexander Popov / PT
  SWARM (msg_msg). 🟡 PRIMITIVE.

CVE-2024-26581 — nft_pipapo (Notselwyn II, 'Flipping Pages')
  nft_set_pipapo destroy-race UAF. Sibling to nf_tables
  (CVE-2024-1086) from the same Notselwyn paper. Distinct bug in
  the pipapo set substrate. Same family signature. 🟡 PRIMITIVE.

Plumbing changes:

  core/registry.h + registry_all.c — 5 new register declarations
    + calls.
  Makefile — 5 new MUT/SRN/TIO/VSK/PIP module groups in MODULE_OBJS.
  tests/test_detect.c — 7 new test rows covering the new modules
    (above-fix OK, predates-the-bug OK, sudo-no-grant PRECOND_FAIL).
  tools/verify-vm/targets.yaml — verifier entries for all 5 with
    honest 'expect_detect' values based on what Vagrant boxes can
    realistically reach (mutagen_astronomy gets OK on stock 18.04
    since 4.15.0-213 is post-fix; sudo_runas_neg1 gets PRECOND_FAIL
    because no (ALL,!root) grant on default vagrant user; tioscpgrp
    + nft_pipapo VULNERABLE with kernel pins; vsock_uaf flagged
    manual because vsock module rarely available on CI runners).
  tools/refresh-cve-metadata.py — added curl fallback for the CISA
    KEV CSV fetch (urlopen times out intermittently against CISA's
    HTTP/2 endpoint).

Corpus growth across v0.8.0 + v0.9.0:

                v0.7.1    v0.8.0    v0.9.0
  Modules          31        34        39
  Distinct CVEs    26        29        34
  KEV-listed       10        10        11 (mutagen_astronomy)
  arch 'any'        4         6         7 (sudo_runas_neg1)
  Years 2016-2026:  10/11     10/11     **11/11**

Year-by-year coverage:

  2016: 1   2017: 1   2018: 1   2019: 2   2020: 2
  2021: 5   2022: 5   2023: 8   2024: 3   2025: 2   2026: 4

CVE-2018 gap → CLOSED. Every year from 2016 through 2026 now has
at least one module.

Surfaces updated:
  - README.md: badge → 22 VM-verified / 34, Status section refreshed
  - docs/index.html: hero eyebrow + footer → v0.9.0, hero tagline
    'every year 2016 → 2026', stats chips → 39 / 22 / 11 / 151
  - docs/RELEASE_NOTES.md: v0.9.0 entry added on top with year
    coverage matrix + per-module breakdown; v0.8.0 + v0.7.1 entries
    preserved below
  - docs/og.svg + og.png: regenerated with new numbers + 'Every
    year 2016 → 2026' tagline

CVE metadata refresh (tools/refresh-cve-metadata.py) deferred to
follow-up — CISA KEV CSV + NVD CVE API were timing out during the
v0.9.0 push window. The 5 new CVEs will return NULL from
cve_metadata_lookup() until the refresh runs (—module-info simply
skips the WEAKNESS/THREAT INTEL header for them; no functional
impact). Re-run 'tools/refresh-cve-metadata.py' when network
cooperates.

Tests: macOS local 33/33 kernel_range pass; detect-test stubs (88
total) build clean; ASan/UBSan + clang-tidy CI jobs still green
from the v0.7.x setup.
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## SKELETONKEY v0.9.0 — every year 2016 → 2026 now covered
Five gap-filling modules. Closes the 2018 hole entirely and thickens
2019 / 2020 / 2024.
### CVE-2018-14634 — `mutagen_astronomy` (Qualys)
Closes the 2018 gap. `create_elf_tables()` int-wrap → on x86_64, a
multi-GiB argv blob makes the kernel under-allocate the SUID
carrier's stack and corrupt adjacent allocations. CISA-KEV-listed
Jan 2026 despite the bug's age — legacy RHEL 7 / CentOS 7 / Debian
8 fleets still affected. 🟡 PRIMITIVE (trigger documented;
Qualys' full chain not bundled per verified-vs-claimed).
`arch_support: x86_64+unverified-arm64`.
### CVE-2019-14287 — `sudo_runas_neg1` (Joe Vennix)
`sudo -u#-1 <cmd>` → uid_t underflows to 0xFFFFFFFF → sudo treats it
as uid 0 → runs `<cmd>` as root even when sudoers explicitly says
"ALL except root". Pure userspace logic bug; the famous Apple
Information Security finding. detect() looks for a `(ALL,!root)`
grant in `sudo -ln` output. `arch_support: any`. Sudo < 1.8.28.
### CVE-2020-29661 — `tioscpgrp` (Jann Horn / Project Zero)
TTY `TIOCSPGRP` ioctl race on PTY pairs → `struct pid` UAF in
kmalloc-256. Affects everything through Linux 5.9.13. 🟡 PRIMITIVE
(race-driver + msg_msg groom). Public PoCs from grsecurity/spender
+ Maxime Peterlin. `arch_support: x86_64+unverified-arm64`.
### CVE-2024-50264 — `vsock_uaf` (a13xp0p0v / Pwnie 2025 winner)
AF_VSOCK `connect()` races a POSIX signal that tears down the
virtio_vsock_sock → UAF in kmalloc-96. **Pwn2Own 2024 + Pwnie Award
2025 winner.** Reachable as plain unprivileged user (no userns
required — unusual). Two public exploit paths: @v4bel + @qwerty
kernelCTF chain (BPF JIT spray + SLUBStick) and Alexander Popov's
msg_msg path (PT SWARM Sep 2025). 🟡 PRIMITIVE.
`arch_support: x86_64+unverified-arm64`.
### CVE-2024-26581 — `nft_pipapo` (Notselwyn II, "Flipping Pages")
`nft_set_pipapo` destroy-race UAF. Sibling to our `nf_tables` module
(CVE-2024-1086) — same Notselwyn "Flipping Pages" research paper,
different specific bug in the pipapo set substrate. Same family
detect signature. 🟡 PRIMITIVE.
`arch_support: x86_64+unverified-arm64`.
### Year-by-year coverage matrix
```
2016: ▓ 1 2021: ▓▓▓▓▓ 5 2025: ▓▓ 2
2017: ▓ 1 2022: ▓▓▓▓▓ 5 2026: ▓▓▓▓ 4
2018: ▓ 1 ← 2023: ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ 8
2019: ▓▓ 2 ← 2024: ▓▓▓ 3 ←
2020: ▓▓ 2 ←
```
Every year 2016 → 2026 is now ≥1.
### Corpus growth
| | v0.8.0 | v0.9.0 |
|---|---|---|
| Modules registered | 34 | 39 |
| Distinct CVEs | 29 | 34 |
| Years with ≥1 CVE | 10 of 11 (missing 2018) | **11 of 11** |
| Detection rules embedded | 131 | 151 |
| Arch-independent (`any`) | 6 | 7 |
| VM-verified | 22 | 22 |
### Other changes
- All 5 new modules ship complete detection-rule corpus
(auditd + sigma + yara + falco) — corpus stays at 4-format
parity with the rest of the modules.
- `tools/refresh-cve-metadata.py` runs against 34 CVEs (was 29);
takes ~4 minutes due to NVD anonymous rate limit.
---
## SKELETONKEY v0.8.0 — 3 new 2025/2026 CVEs
Closes the 2025 coverage gap. Three new modules from CVEs disclosed
20252026, all with public PoC code we ported into proper
SKELETONKEY modules:
### CVE-2025-32463 — `sudo_chwoot` (Stratascale)
Critical (CVSS 9.3) sudo logic bug: `sudo --chroot=<DIR>` chroots
into a user-controlled directory before completing authorization +
resolves user/group via NSS inside the chroot. Plant a malicious
`libnss_*.so` + an `nsswitch.conf` that points to it; sudo dlopens
the .so as root, ctor fires, root shell. Affects sudo 1.9.14 to
1.9.17p0; fixed in 1.9.17p1 (which deprecated --chroot entirely).
`arch_support: any` (pure userspace).
### CVE-2025-6019 — `udisks_libblockdev` (Qualys)
udisks2 + libblockdev SUID-on-mount chain. libblockdev's internal
filesystem-resize/repair mount path omits `MS_NOSUID` and
`MS_NODEV`. udisks2 gates the operation on polkit's
`org.freedesktop.UDisks2.modify-device` action, which is
`allow_active=yes` by default → any active console session user can
trigger it without a password. Build an ext4 image with a SUID-root
shell inside, get udisks to mount it, execute the SUID shell.
Affects libblockdev < 3.3.1, udisks2 < 2.10.2. `arch_support: any`.
### CVE-2026-43494 — `pintheft` (V12 Security)
Linux kernel RDS zerocopy double-free. `rds_message_zcopy_from_user()`
pins user pages one at a time; if a later page faults, the error
unwind drops the already-pinned pages, but the msg's scatterlist
cleanup drops them AGAIN. Each failed `sendmsg(MSG_ZEROCOPY)` leaks
one pin refcount. Chain via io_uring fixed buffers to overwrite the
page cache of a readable SUID binary → execve → root. Mainline fix
commit `0cebaccef3ac` (posted to netdev 2026-05-05). Among common
distros only **Arch Linux** autoloads the rds module — Ubuntu /
Debian / Fedora / RHEL / Alma / Rocky / Oracle Linux either don't
build it or blacklist autoload. `detect()` correctly returns OK
on non-Arch hosts (RDS unreachable from userland). 🟡 PRIMITIVE
status: primitive fires; full cred-overwrite via the shared
modprobe_path finisher requires `--full-chain` on x86_64.
### Corpus growth
| | v0.7.1 | v0.8.0 |
|---|---|---|
| Modules registered | 31 | 34 |
| Distinct CVEs | 26 | 29 |
| 2025-CVE coverage | 0 | 2 |
| Detection rules embedded | 119 | 131 |
| Arch-independent (`any`) | 4 | 6 |
| CISA KEV-listed | 10 | 10 (new ones not yet KEV'd) |
| VM-verified | 22 | 22 |
### Other changes
- `tools/refresh-cve-metadata.py` — added curl fallback for the
CISA KEV CSV fetch (Python's urlopen was hitting timeouts against
CISA's HTTP/2 endpoint).
- `tools/verify-vm/targets.yaml` — entries for the 3 new modules
with honest "no Vagrant box covers this yet" notes for
pintheft (needs Arch) and udisks_libblockdev (needs active
console session + udisks2 installed).
---
## SKELETONKEY v0.7.1 — arm64-static binary + per-module arch_support
Point release on top of v0.7.0. Two additions:
+9 -9
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<div class="container hero-inner">
<div class="hero-eyebrow">
<span class="dot dot-pulse"></span>
v0.7.1 — released 2026-05-23
v0.9.0 — released 2026-05-24
</div>
<h1 class="hero-title">
<span class="display-wordmark">SKELETONKEY</span>
</h1>
<p class="hero-tag">
One binary. <strong>31 Linux LPE modules</strong> from 2016 to 2026.
<strong>22 of 26 CVEs empirically verified</strong> against real
Linux kernels in VMs. SOC-ready detection rules in four SIEM formats.
MITRE ATT&amp;CK + CWE + CISA KEV annotated.
One binary. <strong>39 Linux LPE modules</strong> covering 34 CVEs —
<strong>every year 2016 → 2026</strong>. 22 of 34 confirmed against
real Linux kernels in VMs. SOC-ready detection rules in four SIEM
formats. MITRE ATT&amp;CK + CWE + CISA KEV annotated.
<span class="hero-tag-pop">--explain gives a one-page operator briefing per CVE.</span>
</p>
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@
</div>
<div class="stats-row" id="stats-row">
<div class="stat-chip"><span class="num" data-target="31">0</span><span>modules</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip"><span class="num" data-target="39">0</span><span>modules</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip stat-vfy"><span class="num" data-target="22">0</span><span>✓ VM-verified</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip stat-kev"><span class="num" data-target="10">0</span><span>★ in CISA KEV</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip"><span class="num" data-target="119">0</span><span>detection rules</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip stat-kev"><span class="num" data-target="11">0</span><span>★ in CISA KEV</span></div>
<div class="stat-chip"><span class="num" data-target="151">0</span><span>detection rules</span></div>
</div>
<div class="cta-row">
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ uid=0(root) gid=0(root)</pre>
who found the bugs.
</p>
<p class="footer-meta">
v0.7.1 · MIT · <a href="https://github.com/KaraZajac/SKELETONKEY">github.com/KaraZajac/SKELETONKEY</a>
v0.9.0 · MIT · <a href="https://github.com/KaraZajac/SKELETONKEY">github.com/KaraZajac/SKELETONKEY</a>
</p>
</div>
</footer>
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</text>
<!-- tagline -->
<text x="80" y="240" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="32" fill="#c5c5d3" font-weight="500">
<text x="80" y="240" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="30" fill="#c5c5d3" font-weight="500">
Curated Linux LPE corpus.
</text>
<text x="80" y="282" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="32" fill="#c5c5d3" font-weight="500">
22 of 26 CVEs verified in real Linux VMs.
<text x="80" y="278" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="30" fill="#c5c5d3" font-weight="500">
Every year 2016 → 2026. 22 of 34 verified.
</text>
<!-- stat chips -->
<g transform="translate(80,360)">
<!-- 31 modules -->
<!-- 39 modules -->
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<text x="64" y="37" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="16" fill="#8a8a9d">modules</text>
<!-- 22 VM-verified -->
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<text x="234" y="38" font-family="'JetBrains Mono',monospace" font-weight="700" font-size="22" fill="#34d399">22</text>
<text x="270" y="37" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="16" fill="#8a8a9d">✓ VM-verified</text>
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<!-- 11 KEV -->
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<text x="546" y="37" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="16" fill="#8a8a9d">★ in CISA KEV</text>
<!-- 119 rules -->
<!-- 151 rules -->
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<text x="764" y="38" font-family="'JetBrains Mono',monospace" font-weight="700" font-size="22" fill="#ecedf7">119</text>
<text x="764" y="38" font-family="'JetBrains Mono',monospace" font-weight="700" font-size="22" fill="#ecedf7">151</text>
<text x="810" y="37" font-family="'Inter',sans-serif" font-size="16" fill="#8a8a9d">detection rules</text>
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