Phase 7: Pwnkit FULL exploit (Qualys-style PoC) + DEFENDERS.md

Pwnkit: 🔵🟢
- Implements the canonical Qualys-style PoC end-to-end:
  1. Locate setuid pkexec
  2. mkdtemp working directory under /tmp
  3. Detect target's gcc/cc (fail-soft if absent)
  4. Write payload.c (gconv constructor: unsetenv hostile vars,
     setuid(0), execle /bin/sh -p with clean PATH)
  5. gcc -shared -fPIC payload.c -o pwnkit/PWNKIT.so
  6. Write gconv-modules cache pointing UTF-8// → PWNKIT//
  7. execve(pkexec, NULL_argv, envp{GCONV_PATH=workdir/pwnkit,
     PATH=GCONV_PATH=., CHARSET=PWNKIT, SHELL=pwnkit})
     → argc=0 triggers argv-overflow-into-envp; pkexec re-execs
     with PATH set to our tmpdir; libc's iconv loads PWNKIT.so
     as root; constructor pops /bin/sh with uid=0.
- Cleanup: removes /tmp/iamroot-pwnkit-* workdirs.
- Auto-refuses on patched hosts (re-runs detect() first).
- GCC -Wformat-truncation warnings fixed by sizing path buffers
  generously (1024/2048 bytes — way more than needed in practice).

Verified end-to-end on kctf-mgr (polkit 126 = patched):
  iamroot --exploit pwnkit --i-know
  → detect() says fixed → refuses cleanly. Correct behavior.
Vulnerable-kernel validation is Phase 4 CI matrix work.

docs/DEFENDERS.md — blue-team deployment guide:
- TL;DR: scan, deploy rules, mitigate, watch
- Operations cheat sheet (--list, --scan, --detect-rules, --mitigate)
- Audit-key table mapping rule keys to modules to caught behavior
- Fleet-scanning recipe (ssh + jq aggregation)
- Known false-positive shapes per rule with tuning hints

CVES.md: pwnkit row updated 🔵🟢.
ROADMAP.md: Phase 7 Pwnkit checkbox marked complete.
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# IAMROOT for defenders
IAMROOT is dual-use: the same binary that runs exploits also ships the
detection rules to spot them. This document is for the blue team.
## TL;DR
```bash
# 1. Detect what you're vulnerable to (no system modification)
sudo iamroot --scan --json | jq .
# 2. Deploy detection rules covering every bundled CVE
sudo iamroot --detect-rules --format=auditd | sudo tee /etc/audit/rules.d/99-iamroot.rules
sudo systemctl restart auditd
# 3. (Optional) Apply pre-patch mitigations for vulnerable families
sudo iamroot --mitigate copy_fail # or whatever module reports VULNERABLE
# 4. Watch
sudo ausearch -k iamroot-copy-fail -ts recent
sudo ausearch -k iamroot-dirty-pipe -ts recent
sudo ausearch -k iamroot-pwnkit -ts recent
```
## Why a single tool for offense and defense
Public LPE PoCs ship without detection rules. Public detection rules
ship without test corpora. The gap means defenders deploy rules they
never validate against a real exploit, and attackers iterate against
defenders who haven't tuned thresholds. IAMROOT closes that loop:
- Each module ships an exploit AND the detection rules that catch it.
- Every CVE in `CVES.md` has a row in the rule corpus.
- New CVEs we add ship both halves — there's no "rule lag" between an
exploit landing in the bundle and the rule being available.
- Detection-rule tests live in CI alongside exploit tests (Phase 4
followup).
## Operations cheat sheet
### Inventory what's bundled
```bash
iamroot --list
```
Prints every registered module with CVE, family, and one-line summary.
### Run all detectors
```bash
iamroot --scan # human-readable
iamroot --scan --json # one JSON object → SIEM ingest
iamroot --scan --json | jq '.modules[] | select(.result == "VULNERABLE")'
```
Result codes per module:
| Result | Meaning | Exit code |
|---|---|---|
| `OK` | Not vulnerable (patched, immune, or N/A) | 0 |
| `VULNERABLE` | Detect confirmed vulnerable | 2 |
| `PRECOND_FAIL` | Preconditions missing (module/feature not installed) | 4 |
| `TEST_ERROR` | Probe could not run (permissions, missing tools, etc.) | 1 |
`iamroot --scan` returns the WORST result code across all modules.
Use this in CI to fail builds that produce vulnerable images.
### Deploy detection rules
```bash
# auditd (most environments)
sudo iamroot --detect-rules --format=auditd \
| sudo tee /etc/audit/rules.d/99-iamroot.rules
sudo augenrules --load # or systemctl restart auditd
# Sigma (for SIEMs that ingest sigma)
iamroot --detect-rules --format=sigma > /etc/falco/iamroot.sigma.yml
# YARA / Falco — placeholders for future modules; currently empty
iamroot --detect-rules --format=yara
iamroot --detect-rules --format=falco
```
Rules are emitted in registry order, deduplicated by string-pointer:
family-shared rule sets emit once with a "see family rules above"
marker on siblings (no duplicate `-w /etc/passwd` lines hitting your
auditd config).
### Audit keys to watch
| Key | Modules | What it catches |
|---|---|---|
| `iamroot-copy-fail` | copy_fail, copy_fail_gcm, dirty_frag_esp{,6}, dirty_frag_rxrpc | Writes to passwd/shadow/sudoers/su |
| `iamroot-copy-fail-afalg` | copy_fail family | AF_ALG socket creation (kernel crypto API used by exploit) |
| `iamroot-copy-fail-xfrm` | copy_fail family | xfrm setsockopt (Dirty Frag ESP variants) |
| `iamroot-dirty-pipe` | dirty_pipe | Same target files; complements copy-fail watches |
| `iamroot-dirty-pipe-splice` | dirty_pipe | splice() syscalls (the bug's primitive) |
| `iamroot-pwnkit` | pwnkit | pkexec watch |
| `iamroot-pwnkit-execve` | pwnkit | execve of pkexec — combine with audit of argv to catch argc=0 |
Search:
```bash
sudo ausearch -k iamroot-copy-fail -ts today
sudo ausearch -k iamroot-pwnkit -ts today
```
### Mitigate (pre-patch)
For families with mitigations available, `--mitigate <name>` applies
distro-portable workarounds:
```bash
# Currently: copy_fail_family — blacklists algif_aead/esp4/esp6/rxrpc,
# sets kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns=1, drops caches.
sudo iamroot --mitigate copy_fail
# Revert mitigation (e.g., before applying the real kernel patch)
sudo iamroot --cleanup copy_fail
```
Modules without `--mitigate` (dirty_pipe, entrybleed, pwnkit) report
that the only real fix is upgrading the affected component. We don't
ship a half-baked mitigation when the real one is a package update.
## Fleet scanning
The `--scan --json` output is one-line-per-host friendly:
```bash
# scan a host list via ssh
for h in $(cat fleet.txt); do
ssh $h sudo iamroot --scan --json | jq --arg h "$h" '. + {host: $h}'
done | jq -s . > fleet-scan-$(date +%F).json
# group by vulnerability
jq '.[] | {host, vulns: .modules | map(select(.result == "VULNERABLE")) | map(.cve)}' \
fleet-scan-*.json
```
For very large fleets, deploy the binary as a one-shot under a remote
shell tool (Ansible/SaltStack/Fabric/etc.) and aggregate JSON output
into your SIEM. Each scan is a few seconds of CPU and no system
modification.
## Known false positives
| Rule | False-positive shape |
|---|---|
| `iamroot-copy-fail-afalg` | strongSwan and IPsec daemons use AF_ALG legitimately — scope with `-F auid=` to exclude service accounts |
| `iamroot-dirty-pipe-splice` | nginx, HAProxy, kTLS use splice() heavily — scope with `-F gid!=33 -F gid!=99` for those service accounts |
| `iamroot-pwnkit-execve` | gnome-software, polkit's own dispatcher legitimately exec pkexec — scope by parent process if you can correlate |
The shipped rules are starting points. Tune per environment.
## Submitting new detections
If you find a detection signature for a CVE we already bundle, file an
issue. We'll integrate the rule into the relevant module's
`detect_*` field and ship it on the next release. New CVEs accept
contributions per `docs/ARCHITECTURE.md`'s "adding a new CVE" flow —
each new module ships its own detection rules from day one.